Archaeologists during ongoing excavations at the Jiankou section of the Great Wall ribbons over the top of jagged green mountains for 20 kilometres, a famously wild, unrestored, and challenging section near Beijing, unveiled major finds and new discoveries, among them the largest Ming Dynasty cannon ever found in the area and various artifacts providing insights into ancient military technology and early cultural exchange in the region.
At a press conference in early December 2025, researchers from the Beijing Institute of Archaeology announced these findings from recent excavations that focused on three beacon towers and their connecting walls.
The most significant find was a large, well - preserved cannon from the late Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644). The iconic Ming Dynasty was a era of native Han Chinese rule after Mongol dominance, known for its powerful centralized government, vast economic and cultural growth, and significant architectural feats like the Forbidden City and extended Great Wall of China. Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu Emperor), it saw flourishing arts, trade, and a perfected civil service system.
This imposing artillery piece measures 89.2 centimetres in length and weights 112.1 kilograms, being the largest firearm discovered so far in that section of the Great Wall.
According to a research associate at the Beijing Institute of Archaeology, Shang Heng, the well - preserved inscription on the cannon offers crucial new evidence and a key new perspective for research on firearms manufacturing and the exchange of military technology during that period as reported by Xinhua News Agency.
The excavation also uncovered storage rooms used by frontier garrison troops, along with three previously unknown watchtowers and connecting walls, and other unearthed items include weapons, architectural components, and objects of daily use.
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